1 Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God. 2 Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. 3 For rulers hold no terror for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the one in authority? Then do what is right and you will be commended. 4 For the one in authority is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for rulers do not bear the sword for no reason. They are God’s servants, agents of wrath to bring punishment on the wrongdoer. 5 Therefore, it is necessary to submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but also as a matter of conscience. Romans 13.1-5 (NIV)
Rebellion brings both long- and short-term judgment. The terror of the rulers is against the wrongdoer. In that, they act as God’s servants for the good of all. The problem arises when you do the will of God and are punished as if you are a wrongdoer. This is the problem Jesus and the apostles faced. What takes priority: the will of God or the will of men?
God has established authority of government so opposition to government is bad, right? For those seeking a violent overthrow of government, expect violent opposition. Replacing those in charge with a different head of state will bring little lasting change. In addition, those seeking power are subject to the same power scheme as those who are being overthrown. The powers that be will always have their interests in mind. The violence of the system turns you into that which you seek to overthrow. So can change come in a different way?
For the faithful, only one option is viable, obedience to the will of God. In the Roman Empire, declaring anyone other than Caesar as lord was punishable by death. The Christian proclamation of Jesus is Lord brought the judgment of Empire. So what is Paul saying? Maybe it’s something along the lines of obey earthly laws until they come into opposition to the will of God. No question should arise for laws preserving life and property. If you kill or steal, expect punishment. Maybe it’s exceed the letter of the law in love of God and neighbor. In so doing, you will expose the nature of the powers when they bring wrath against you. Or maybe it’s, we live in a different realm and the will of the Ruler provides a contrasting and counter way of living, in love and service.
Many of God’s holy ones, past and present, have lost their life by obeying God rather than men. That is the ultimate meaning of being a witness. Death reveals the martyr or the one bearing witness to the living God. So, obey the laws of the land. If the law prohibits doing the will of God, obey God. In the process, don’t justify killing abortionists or those of other religions as ‘the will of God.’ The law is against you and by implication so is God. Likewise, if you oppose the government just for the sake of opposing its authority, this too is problematic. Speak the truth to power, then return to loving God and neighbor. If you proclaim the Gospel, help widows, orphans and the poor, and as a result, punishment comes from the powers, then you will expose the beastly nature of those in power.